Cervical vertebral instability syndrome, also known as Wobbler’s, is caused by a variety of vertebral malformations that can either cause direct spinal cord compression or instability which can lead to intervertebral disc rupture and spinal cord compression. Such compression can lead to trauma to the section of the spinal cord that controls the coordination and strength to stand and move. The most common malformation is a narrowing of the spinal canal that holds the spinal cord. The opening is shorter than normal and will mildly compress the cord. Other cervical vertebra abnormalities are an overgrowth of the body of the vertebrae that protrudes into the canal, misshapen vertebrae and vertebral joints, narrowed canal width, and subluxation of the vertebrae. Such anomalies may not cause immediate symptoms, but over time can cause intervertebral disc degeneration and rupture. The condition is seen most often in older Doberman Pinschers and young Great Danes. In these two breeds the malformations are predominately found in the last three cervical vertebrae. Studies suggest the cause for such skeletal malformations is linked to genetics, but they have not been able to find the specific genetic factors involved. Studies also suggest that nutrition could factor into Wobbler’s; diets high in protein, calcium, and phosphorous accelerate growth, which may contribute to skeletal changes seen in Wobbler dogs.

What are the symptoms of Wobbler’s?

Clinical symptoms are usually slow and gradual in onset and not associated with any known trauma. Weakness and lack of coordination in the rear limbs is the most common symptom. Dogs will walk with their legs spread farther apart, sway side to side, and take longer strides to compensate for the symptoms mentioned above. Scuffing of the back feet can be seen as well as a hunched posture. Forelimb involvement can vary greatly depending on the abnormality and severity of the case. Some dogs have no clinical symptoms in the front legs, while others have a stiff front gait. Difficulty in turning corners or stopping running may be the first or only clinical signs in the forelimbs.

How do you diagnose Wobbler’s?

Radiographs of the cervical spine in an extended and flexed position should be taken. Radiographs will show if the dog has a severe malformation of the vertebrae, but cannot definitely diagnose the condition. An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or myelogram will be needed to determine the site of the problem and the extent of associated cord compression. It is important to rule out other potential causes of a dog’s weakness or discomfort. Radiographs should be taken to rule out hip dysplasia, osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) of the cervical vertebrae, and hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) as these conditions can result in similar symptoms.

What is the treatment for Wobbler’s?

Initial treatment for Wobbler’s syndrome will usually consist of a course of corticosteroids to reduce spinal cord swelling associated with compression. Surgery to decompress the spinal cord and correct vertebral abnormalities will be the next step for dogs whose symptoms persist or re-occur.

What is the prognosis for a ‘Wobbler’ Dog?

The prognosis depends greatly on the severity of the malformations and spinal cord compression. Dogs who are severely affected to the extent that they are unable to stand or walk have a guarded prognosis even with surgical intervention. Dogs who are mildly uncoordinated have a much greater chance of recovery. The goal of surgery would be to improve function, and our ability to do this depends greatly on the extent of permanent spinal cord injury, the dog’s general attitude, and the owner’s ability to perform the intensive post-operative care and physical therapy.